The Global Wind Industry (2018) – Table of Contents

Below is the Table of Contents for NRG Expert’s Global Wind Energy Industry (2018) report. We have researched the wind electricity market to produce an in-depth database and accompanying market research report that focuses on the generation through the use of wind technology. The report and database combine NRG Expert’s research abilities with a keen understanding of the power generation landscape to give you a comprehensive look at the sector.

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Executive Summary
- Wind Power Development
- Renewables Subsidies
- Turbine Technology
The Market for Wind power
- An Assessment of Factors Affecting Wind Power
- Terminology
  - Variations of Demand
  - Base Load
  - Peak Load
  - Intermediate Load
  - Intermittency and Variability
  - Capacity Factor
  - Loss of Load Probability (LOLP)
  - Capacity Credit
  - Spinning Reserve
- Issues for Wind Power
  - Grid Balancing
  - Grid Extension
  - Storage
  - Capacity Credit
  - Mismatch of Supply and Demand
  - Load Following
  - Dispersion
  - Inadequacy of Weather Forecasting
  - Spinning Reserve/Back-up
  - Wake Effects
- The Way Forward
  - Investing in the Future Competitiveness of the EU Wind Energy Industry
  - Adopting a More Strategic, Coordinated Approach to Offshore Developments
  - Maximising the Environmental Benefits of Offshore Wind
  - Integrating Large-Scale Offshore Wind in the Grid of the Future
National Policies for Renewable Energy
- Renewable Energy Targets
  - Support Mechanisms for Renewables
- The Evolution of RPS Policy in the United States
- Comparison of Feed-in Tariffs and RPS
  - Investor Confidence, Price, and Policy Cost
  - Effectiveness
  - Ownership Structure
  - Conclusion
- Feed-in Tariffs in the United States
National Wind Power Markets and Support Plans; Major Markets
- China
  - Wind Resources
  - Barriers to growth
  - Offshore Wind Power
- United States
  - The Start of Wind Power
  - Market Potential
  - Intermittency
  - Low-Speed Wind Technology
  - Cost of Wind Energy Generation
  - Technology Development in the USA
  - Understanding Turbulent Wind Patterns
  - R&D
- Germany
  - Market Size and Forecast
  - Repowering Trend
  - Government Support and R&D in Germany
  - Stromeinspeisungsgesetz – Electricity Feed Law (EFL)
Wind Industry Supply Chain
- Vertical Integration
- Background to the Supply Chain in the Electro-Technical Industry
  - Raw Materials
  - Lead Times
  - Wind Turbine Production Capacity
- Local Supply Chains
Rare Earth Metals
Operation and Maintenance (O&M)
Energy Storage
- Mechanical Storage
- Electrochemical Storage
- Electromagnetic Storage
- Coupling to New Energies
Advantages and Disadvantages of Wind Energy Compared with Other Forms of Energy
Offshore Wind Power
- The Benefits
  - Higher Wind Speeds
  - More Stable Winds
  - Huge Offshore Wind Resources
  - Low Surface Roughness: Cheaper Turbines
  - Lower Turbulence: Longer Lifetime
  - Shipping and Transport
  - Closer to Demand Centres
  - NIMBY
- The Challenges
  - Installation Vessels
  - Operation and Maintenance
  - Port Facilities
  - Subsea Cabling
- A European Offshore Grid
Repowering
- Market for Old Turbines
- Recycling Turbines
Forecasting a new technology – Experience Curves and Progress Ratios (PR)

Figures

Figure 1 – Base, Intermediate and Peak Load by time of Day
Figure 2 – Capacity factors by month for wind power for Denmark, Sweden, Germany, and Netherlands
Figure 3 – Wind Energy Investments in the EU, 2000 to 2030
Figure 4 – Distribution of wind turbines in China
Figure 5 – Potential output of 1.5 MW wind turbines in China, % of maximum output over time
Figure 6 – Offshore Wind Potential along China’s East Coast
Figure 7 – Wind Resources in the Great Lakes
Figure 8 –US Annual Average Wind Speed at 80m
Figure 9 – Advanced tower design
Figure 10 – Annual onshore and offshore build and repowering in Germany, MW, 1993 to 2030
Figure 11 – Cumulative installed capacity, onshore and offshore in Germany, MW, 1993 to 2030
Figure 12 – Turbine Parts
Figure 13 – How much neodymium will the offshore sector need?
Figure 14 – Lifecycle breakdown of wind energy investment project costs, %
Figure 15 – Frequency of ‘failure rate’ with increasing operational age
Figure 16 – Downtime per component failure, days
Figure 17 – Weak point analysis for wind turbine subassemblies including failure causes
Figure 18 – Estimated investment costs, EUR per kW
Figure 19 – Estimated operation and maintenance costs, EUR per kW per annum
Figure 20 – Levelised Cost of Electricity, EUR cents per kWh
Figure 21 – Estimated grid parity for wholesale onshore wind, EUR per MWh
Figure 22 – Estimated grid parity for wholesale onshore wind, EUR per MWh
Figure 23 – Properties of the three main offshore installation vessels
Figure 24 – Offshore operating conditions
Figure 25 – Repowering of the Bassens Windfarm in Lower Saxony, Germany
Figure 26 – Estimates new annual EU wind energy capacity, GW, 2000 to 2030
Figure 27 – Price of used turbines compared to the price when new as a percentage

Tables

Table 1 – Typical capacity factors for different generating technologies
Table 2 – Energy storage technologies
Table 3 – Estimated date that grid parity will be reached for on and offshore wind
Table 4 – Water footprint of different primary energy carriers
Table 5 – Advantages and disadvantages of different types of renewable energy
Table 6 – Comparison of onshore and offshore wind technologies
Table 7 – Suitable ports in Europe for development of offshore wind installations
Table 8 – Advantages and Disadvantages of Repowering
Table 9 – Recycling of Wind Turbine Components
Table 10 – Progress ratios for wind turbines
Table 11 – Technology characteristics of wind turbines

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