Below is the table of contents for the coal and clean coal market research report. The report provides a comprehensive overview of the global coal and clean coal market. It provides a detailed coal analysis of key prices, coal companies, coal mining and coal technology, plus coal industry forecasts and much more. In addition we supply coal statistics, coal data and coal prices.
1. Executive Summary 5
2. Global Overview 6
Coal Demand by Country 6
International Coal Trade 7
Coal-fired Power Generation 8
Global Energy Reserves 9
3. Coal Rank 10
Primary Coal 11
Secondary Coal 11
Coke Coal 12
Metallurgical Coal 12
Hard Coal 12
Coal Rank 12
Anthracite 12
Bituminous Coal 12
Sub-bituminous Coal 12
Lignite 12
Steam coal 12
Brown coal 12
Heat Content of Coal or Calorific Value 13
4. International Coal Trade 15
Structure of the International Coal Trade 15
Geographical Distribution of International Coal Production and Trade 15
Development of the Single Global Coal Market 16
The USA 17
Canada 18
Emergence of Australia as the Leading Exporter 18
South Africa 18
New Entrants 19
Regional Markets and Trade Patterns 19
Future Trading Patterns 19
International Coal Prices 21
McCloskey Coal Information Services (MCIS) NWE Steam Coal Marker Price 21
5. New Technologies – Extraction and Environment 22
Clean Coal Technologies (CCT) 22
Switch to a cleaner fuel or reduce load to burn less of a ‘dirty’ fuel 22
Efficiency improvement 22
Clean coal technology (CCT) 24
Carbon Abatement Technologies 25
Improvement in Combustion Efficiencies 25
Co-firing with CO2 Neutral Biomass Fuels 26
Carbon Capture and Storage or Carbon Sequestration (CCS) 26
Cost-benefit of carbon capture and storage (CCS) 29
Support and prospects for carbon capture and storage (CCS) 29
New Coal Extraction Technology 31
Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) 31
Coal Mine Methane 32
6. Notes and Sources 33
Technical Notes 33
7. Appendix 34
The Greenhouse Effect and Global Climate Change 34
Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks 34
Water Vapour 35
Carbon Dioxide 35
Methane 35
Nitrous Oxide 35
Halocarbons and Other Gases (CFCs) 36
HFCs 36
PFCs 36
‘Kyoto gases’ (HFC, PFC, and SF6) 37
Other Important Radiative Gases 37
Relative Forcing Effects of Various Gases 37
The Kyoto Protocol 38
Differentiated Targets 38
Commitment Period 38
Six Gases 38
Demonstrable Progress 38
Land Use and Forestry 38
Flexibility Mechanisms 39
Emissions Trading 39
Joint Implementation 39
Joint Fulfillment 39
Clean Development Mechanism 39
Entry into Force 39
8. Sources 40
