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- 1. Executive Summary 21
- 2. Contribution of hydro power to the energy mix 24
- The contribution of hydro power to primary energy supply 24
- The importance of hydro power to electricity generation 24
- Hydroelectric resources 25
- 3. Hydro electricity generating capacity 27
- Large hydro power 32
- Small hydro power (SHP) 33
- Pumped storage 34
- 4. History of hydro power 36
- The Big Dam period in the USA 36
- Small Hydropower (SHP) 46
- Development of SHP in Europe 46
- Development of SHP in China 47
- 5. Technical Background 48
- Types of hydropower 48
- Impoundment hydropower 48
- Run-of-river projects 48
- Micro hydropower Projects 49
- Diversion Hydropower 49
- Pumped storage 50
- Head 51
- Life expectancy 51
- Turbine technologies for small-, mid- and large-scale hydro plants 52
- New innovations 53
- 6. Finance 54
- Clean Development Mechanism 55
- Project costs 57
- Job creation 60
- 7. Base Load, Intermediate and Peak Load with Hydropower 61
- Variations of demand 61
- Security of supply 62
- 8. Environmental concerns 65
- World Bank review 65
- Environmental impacts of dams and hydro plants 65
- 1. Upstream of the dam, the imposition of a reservoir in place of a river valley. 65
- 2. Changes in downstream morphology of riverbeds and banks, delta, estuary and coastline due to altered sediment load. 66
- 3. Changes in downstream water quality: effects on river temperature, nutrient load, turbidity, dissolved gases, concentration of heavy metals and minerals. 66
- 4. Reduction of biodiversity due to blocking of movement of organisms and because of changes 1, 2 and 3 above. 66
- Greenhouse gases and methane 67
- Examples of environmental degradation 67
- Small hydro power 68
- Earthquakes 68
- 9. Regional hydropower profile, Europe 70
- SHP electricity prices 75
- SHP investment costs 75
- Hydropower potential 75
- European market prospects 76
- 10. Country hydropower profiles, Europe 78
- Albania 78
- Austria 80
- Belgium 85
- Bosnia & Herzegovina 88
- Bulgaria 91
- Croatia 94
- Czech Republic 97
- Denmark 99
- Finland 101
- France 107
- Germany 118
- Greece 121
- Hungary 125
- Iceland 127
- Ireland 127
- Italy 130
- Latvia 138
- Lithuania 141
- Luxembourg 143
- Netherlands 147
- Norway 148
- Poland 163
- Portugal 165
- Romania 169
- Serbia 172
- Slovakia 174
- Slovenia 178
- Spain 180
- Sweden 185
- Switzerland 191
- Turkey 198
- United Kingdom 204
- 11. Regional hydropower profiles, CIS 219
- 12. Country hydropower profiles, CIS 222
- Armenia 222
- Azerbaijan 224
- Georgia 226
- Kazakhstan 229
- Kyrgyzstan 231
- Moldova 233
- Russia 234
- Turkmenistan 243
- Ukraine 244
- Uzbekistan 245
- 13. Regional hydropower profiles, North America 249
- 14. Country hydropower profiles, North America 251
- Canada 251
- LHP 253
- SHP 254
- Small hydro technology development in Canada 254
- New plant development in Canada 273
- United States 278
- Small Hydro 284
- Pumped storage 291
- New hydropower plant development in the USA 299
- Research and Development 304
- Mexico 305
- Small hydropower 306
- 15. Regional overview Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) 309
- Energy resources and production in LAC 311
- Energy outlook in LAC 312
- End-use efficiency and new forms of renewables 314
- The future of hydropower in LAC 314
- The investment in large dams 314
- 16. Country hydropower profiles Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) 317
- Argentina 317
- Salto Grande 317
- Yacyretá 317
- Planned projects 318
- Small hydro power 318
- Bolivia 321
- Brazil 324
- Itaipu 327
- Regulations for hydro development 330
- Growth Acceleration Programme 331
- Reidi Programme 331
- Small hydro 331
- Investment 331
- Future development of large dams 332
- New hydropower plant developments in Brazil 339
- Chile 340
- Colombia 345
- Costa Rica 350
- Dominican Republic 352
- Ecuador 354
- El Salvador 360
- Guatemala 361
- Honduras 362
- Nicaragua 364
- Panama 365
- Paraguay 367
- Peru 368
- Puerto Rico 373
- Surinam 373
- Uruguay 374
- Venezuela 375
- Small hydro 377
- Future outlook 377
- 17. Regional hydropower overview Asia (Developing countries) 379
- 18. Country hydropower profiles Asia (Developing countries) 383
- Afghanistan 383
- Bangladesh 384
- Bhutan 385
- China 388
- Large hydropower 389
- Small hydropower 391
- Pumped storage 393
- New hydropower plant development in China 398
- Fiji 401
- Hong Kong 401
- India 402
- Water resources 404
- Hydropower development – large hydropower 406
- Small hydropower introduction into India 407
- Small hydro power in India today 407
- New hydropower plant developments in India 420
- Indonesia 428
- Small hydro power 429
- Laos 430
- Small Hydro Power 431
- New hydropower plant developments in Laos 433
- Malaysia 436
- Myanmar 438
- Nepal 439
- Small Hydro Power 441
- North Korea 443
- Pakistan 445
- Papua New Guinea 449
- Hydropower development 449
- Small hydropower 449
- Philippines 449
- South Korea 452
- Sri Lanka 455
- Taiwan 457
- Thailand 458
- Vietnam 460
- Small Hydro Power 461
- Pumped storage 462
- Other countries 466
- 19. Regional hydropower overview, Asia Pacific (Industrialised countries) 467
- 20. Country hydropower profiles, Asia Pacific (Industrialised countries) 468
- Australia 468
- Japan 476
- Changes in National Energy Policy 476
- New Zealand 480
- 21. Regional hydropower overview, Africa 484
- 22. Country hydropower profiles, Africa 489
- Algeria 489
- Angola 489
- Burundi 492
- Cameroon 492
- Congo 494
- Congo DR 495
- Cote d’Ivoire 497
- Egypt 498
- Ethiopia 500
- Gabon 502
- Ghana 503
- Guinea 505
- Kenya 506
- Madagascar 507
- Malawi 508
- Mali 509
- Morocco 511
- Mozambique 512
- Nigeria 514
- Rwanda 515
- South Africa 515
- Sudan 517
- Tanzania 518
- Uganda 519
- Zambia 521
- Zimbabwe 523
- Other hydro projects 524
- 23. Regional hydropower overview, Middle East 525
- 24. Country hydropower profiles, Middle East 527
- Iran 527
- Lebanon 528
- Syria 528
- 25. Appendix 1 – The computation of power 531
- 26. National policies for hydro power 532
- 27. Manufacturers 536
- Main Players 536
- Alstom Power 536
- Andritz 536
- Voith Hydro 537
- General manufacturers 537
- ABB 537
- American Hydro Corporation 537
- Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) 537
- Dongfang Electric 537
- Gilbert Gilkes & Gordon 538
- Harbin Power Equipment Corporation 538
- Hitachi, Mitsubishi Electric and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries 538
- Sinohydro 538
- STE Energy 539
- 28. Sources 540
List of Tables
Table 3.1: World net hydroelectric generation from central producers by region and country, 2006 – 2030, billion kWh
Table 3.2: Hydroelectric installed capacity and generation by regions and major countries, 2008, capacity >2,500 MW
Table 4.1: Number of dams by country, 2006
Table 4.2: The 12 largest hydro power plants in the world, 2010
Table 4.3: Top ten large hydro power plants under construction by capacity, 2010
Table 4.4: Large hydro power plants proposed, 2010, > 3,000 MW
Table 5.1: Technological advances for hydropower
Table 6.1: Hydro projects registered with the Clean Development Mechanism fund or pending a decision, 2010
Table 6.2: Costs for hydro plants by type
Table 6.3: Classification of hydropower and costs
Table 6.4: Key data and figures for hydro power technology
Table 7.1: Utilisation of hydropower in days per year, 2008, countries with over 5,000 MW installed hydro capacity
Table 9.1: Europe, hydroelectric net installed capacity and generation, 2008
Table 9.2: Selected countries in Asia (Industrialised countries) and their installed hydro capacity, MW, 2009
Table 9.3: Installed capacity and production of SHP plants (up to 10 MW) in Europe, 2008
Table 9.4: Estimated hydro potential and exploitation in Europe, MW
Table 10.1: Hydropower plants in Albania
Table 10.2: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Albania
Table 10.3: Hydropower plants in Austria
Table 10.4: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Austria
Table 10.5: Hydropower plants in Belgium
Table 10.6: Hydropower plants in Bosnia & Herzegovina
Table 10.7: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Bosnia Herzegovina
Table 10.9: Hydropower plants in Croatia
Table 10.10: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Croatia
Table 10.11: Hydropower plants in Czech Republic
Table 10.12: Hydropower plants in Finland
Table 10.13: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Finland
Table 10.14: Hydropower plants in France
Table 10.15: Hydropower plants in Germany
Table 10.16: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Germany
Table 10.17: Hydropower plants in Greece
Table 10.18: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Greece
Table 10.19: Hydro power plants in Hungary
Table 10.20: Hydropower plants in Ireland
Table 10.21: Hydropower plants in Italy
Table 10.22: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Italy
Table 10.23: Hydropower plants in Latvia
Table 10.24: Hydropower plants in Lithuania
Table 10.25: Hydropower plants in Macedonia
Table 10.26: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Macedonia
Table 10.27: Hydropower plants in Norway
Table 10.28: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Norway
Table 10.29: Hydropower plants in Poland
Table 10.30: Hydropower plants in Portugal
Table 10.31: New pumped storage plants or plants being refurbished in Portugal
Table 10.32: Hydropower plants in Romania
Table 10.33: Hydropower plants in Serbia
Table 10.34: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Serbia
Table 10.35: Hydropower plants in Slovakia
Table 10.36: Hydropower plants in Slovenia
Table 10.37: Hydropower plants in Spain
Table 10.38: Hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Spain
Table 10.39: Major hydropower plants in Sweden
Table 10.40: Hydro plants or plants being refurbished In Sweden
Table 10.41: Hydropower plants in Switzerland
Table 10.43: Hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Switzerland
Table 10.44: Hydropower plants in Turkey
Table 10.45: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Turkey
Table 10.46: Feed-in tariff for hydro projects in the UK
Table 10.47: Hydropower plants in United Kingdom
Table 10.48: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in the UK
Table 11.1: Selected countries in the CIS and their installed hydro capacity, MW, 2009
Table 11.2: CIS, hydroelectric installed capacity and generation, 2008
Table 12.1: Hydropower plants in Armenia
Table 12.2: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Albania
Table 12.3: Hydropower plants in Azerbaijan
Table 12.4: Hydropower plants in Georgia
Table 12.5: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Georgia
Table 12.6: Hydropower plants in Kazakhstan
Table 12.7: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Georgia
Table 12.8: Hydropower plants in Kyrgyzstan
Table 12.9: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Kyrgyzstan
Table 12.10: Hydropower plants in Moldova
Table 12.11: Hydropower plants in Russia
Table 12.12: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Russia
Table 12.13: Hydropower plants in Tajikistan
Table 12.14: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Tajikistan
Table 12.15: Hydropower plants in Ukraine
Table 12.16: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in the Ukraine
Table 12.17: Hydropower plants in Uzbekistan
Table 13.1: Selected countries in North America and their installed hydro capacity, MW, 2009
Table 13.2: North America, hydroelectric installed capacity and generation, 2008
Table 14.1: Undeveloped hydro potential in Canada
Table 14.2: Investment in the electricity sector in Canada required by 2030, CAN $ billion
Table 14.3: Hydropower plants in Canada
Table 14.4: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Canada
Table 14.5: Costs for proposed projects in Canada
Table 14.6: Potential of conventional and advanced hydro capacity in the USA
Table 14.7: The ten largest hydropower stations in the USA
Table 14.8: Hydroelectric projects granted a license by FERC from Q1 to Q3 2010
Table 14.9: Federal incentives for hydroelectric projects and manufacturing facilities in the USA, November 2009
Table 14.10: Production based incentives for hydro power projects by State in the USA
Table 14.11: Top eight states in the USA terms of installed hydro capacity, 2009 and hydro power generation, 1H 2008 and 1H 2009
Table 14.12: USACE’s budget for hydropower projects in the USA, 2004 – 2013
Table 14.13: New pumped storage plants or plants being refurbished in the USA
Table 14.14: Large utility-owned hydropower plants in the USA (25 MW and over)
Table 14.15: Hydro upgrade projects selected for American Recovery and Reinvestment Act funding in the USA
Table 14.16: Hydro projects planned in the USA not receiving American Recovery and Reinvestment Act funding or being developed by the USACE
Table 14.17: Top ten sites identified in the Buree study in terms of benefit cost ratio in the USA
Table 14.18: Hydropower plants in Mexico
Table 14.19: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Mexico
Table 15.1: Selected countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) and their installed hydro capacity, MW, 2009
Table 15.2: South and Central America, hydroelectric installed capacity and generation, 2008
Table 16.2: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Argentina
Table 16.3: Hydropower plants in Bolivia
Table 16.4: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Bolivia
Table 16.5: Status of Brazilian hydro power projects as of November 2010
Table 16.6: Costs of hydro power projects in Brazil auctioned off by Aneel, 2010
Table 16.7: New projects in Brazil financed by BNDES, 2010
Table 16.8: Large Dams projected in Brazil
Table 16.9: Hydropower plants in Brazil
Table 16.10: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Brazil
Table 16.11: Hydropower plants in Chile
Table 16.12: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Chile
Table 16.13: Hydropower plants in Colombia
Table 16.14: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Colombia
Table 16.15: Hydropower plants in Costa Rica
Table 16.16: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Costa Rica
Table 16.17: Hydropower plants in the Dominican Republic
Table 16.18: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in the Dominican Republic
Table 16.19: Hydropower plants in Ecuador
Table 16.20: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Ecuador
Table 16.21: Hydropower plants in El Salvador
Table 16.22: Hydropower plants in Guatemala
Table 16.23: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Guatemala
Table 16.24: Hydropower plants in Honduras
Table 16.25: Hydropower plants in Nicaragua
Table 16.26: Hydropower plants in Panama
Table 16.27: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Panama
Table 16.28: Hydropower plants in Paraguay
Table 16.29: Hydropower plants in Peru
Table 16.30: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Peru
Table 16.31: Hydropower plants in Surinam
Table 16.32: Hydropower plants in Uruguay
Table 16.33: Hydropower plants in Venezuela
Table 16.34: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Venezuela
Table 17.1: Selected countries in Asia (Developing countries) and their installed hydro capacity, MW, 2009
Table 17.2: Asia Pacific, hydroelectric installed capacity and generation, 2008
Table 18.1: Hydropower plants in Afghanistan
Table 18.2: Hydropower plants in Bangladesh
Table 18.3: Ten projects being jointly developed between Bhutan and India
Table 18.4: Hydropower plants in Bhutan
Table 18.5: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Bhutan
Table 18.6: New pumped storage plants or plants being refurbished in China
Table 18.7: Hydropower plants in China
Table 18.8: Hydropower plants planned or under construction in China
Table 18.9: ‘50,000 MW’ hydropower initiative schemes by state in India
Table 18.10: Potential hydro capacity for basins or rivers in India
Table 18.11: Funding and targets for hydro in India’s eleventh year plan (2007 – 2012)
Table 18.12: Perspective plan for grid-connected interactive renewable power in India
Table 18.13: Small hydro (2 MW to 25 MW) by Indian State, end 2009
Table 18.14: MNRE support for small hydro projects in India
Table 18.15: Small hydro preferential tariffs for the 2009 to 2010 financial year in India
Table 18.16: New financial investment in India by fuel type, 2009
Table 18.17: List of equipment manufacturers of small hydro turbines in India, end August 2010
Table 18.18: Hydropower plants in India
Table 18.19: Hydro power plants planned or under construction in India
Table 18.20: List of Completed/Ongoing Hydro RM&U schemes programmed for implementation during the eleventh five year plan in India, October 2010
Table 18.21: Hydropower plants in Indonesia
Table 18.22: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Indonesia
Table 18.23: Hydropower plants in Laos
Table 18.24: Hydropower plants planned or under construction in Laos
Table 18.25: Hydropower plants in Malaysia
Table 18.26: Hydropower plants in Myanmar
Table 18.27: Hydropower plants planned or under construction in Myanmar
Table 18.28: Hydropower plants in Nepal
Table 18.29: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Nepal
Table 18.30: Hydropower plants in North Korea
Table 18.31: Hydropower plants in Pakistan
Table 18.32: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Pakistan
Table 18.33: Hydropower plants in Philippines
Table 18.34: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in the Philippines
Table 18.35: Hydropower plants in South Korea
Table 18.36: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in South Korea
Table 18.37: Hydropower plants in Sri Lanka
Table 18.38: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Sri Lanka
Table 18.39: Hydropower plants in Taiwan
Table 18.40: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Taiwan
Table 18.41: Hydropower plants in Thailand
Table 18.42: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Thailand
Table 18.43: Hydropower plants in Vietnam
Table 18.44: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Vietnam
Table 19.1: Selected countries in Asia (Industrialised countries) and their installed hydro capacity, MW, 2009
Table 20.1: Hydropower plants in Australia
Table 20.2: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Australia
Table 20.3: Hydropower plants in Japan
Table 20.4: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Japan
Table 20.5: Hydropower plants in New Zealand
Table 21.1: Selected countries in Africa and their installed hydro capacity, MW, 2009
Table 21.2: Africa, hydroelectric installed capacity and generation, 2008
Table 22.1: Hydropower plants in Algeria
Table 22.2: Hydropower plants in Angola
Table 22.3: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Angola
Table 22.4: Hydropower plants in Burkina Faso
Table 22.5: Hydropower plants in Burundi
Table 22.6: Hydropower plants in Cameroon
Table 22.7: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Cameroon
Table 22.8: Hydropower plants in the Republic of Congo
Table 22.9: Hydropower plants in DR Congo
Table 22.10: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in the DR Congo
Table 22.11: Hydropower plants in Cote d’Ivoire
Table 22.12: Hydropower plants in Egypt
Table 22.13: Hydropower plants in Ethiopia
Table 22.14: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Ethiopia
Table 22.15: Hydropower plants in Gabon
Table 22.16: Hydropower plants in Ghana
Table 22.17: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Ghana
Table 22.18: Hydropower plants in Guinea
Table 22.19: Hydropower plants in Kenya
Table 22.20: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Kenya
Table 22.21: Hydropower plants in Madagascar
Table 22.22: Hydropower plants in Malawi
Table 22.23: Hydropower plants in Mali
Table 22.24: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Mali
Table 22.25: Hydropower plants in Morocco
Table 22.26: Hydropower plants in Mozambique
Table 22.27: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Mozambique
Table 22.28: Hydropower plants in Nigeria
Table 22.29: Hydropower plants in Rwanda
Table 22.30: Hydropower plants in South Africa
Table 22.31: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in South Africa
Table 22.32: Hydropower plants in Sudan
Table 22.33: Hydropower plants in Tanzania
Table 22.24: Hydropower plants in Uganda
Table 22.25: Hydropower plants in Zambia
Table 22.28: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Zimbabwe
Table 23.1: Selected countries in the Middle East and their installed hydro capacity, MW, 2009
Table 23.2: Middle East, hydroelectric installed capacity and generation, 2008
Table 24.1: Hydropower plants in Iran
Table 24.2: Hydropower plants in Syria
Table 26.1: National policies for hydro power in Europe
Table 26.2: National policies for hydro power in the rest of the World
List of Figures
Figure 2.1: Total global primary energy supply 2009
Figure 2.2: Renewables in electricity production 2008
Figure 2.3: Net exploitable hydropower potential [TWh per year] and percentage exploited
Figure 3.1: The growth of hydro power generating capacity, MW, 1990-2015
Figure 3.2: Growth of hydro power generating capacity by region, MW, 1990-2015
Figure 3.3: Regional development of hydropower, TWh, 1965 – 2009
Figure 3.4: Global LHP as a % of total hydro capacity, 1980 – 2015
Figure 3.5: Global SHP as a % of total hydro capacity, 1980 – 2015
Figure 3.6: The growth of pumped storage capacity, MW, 1990-2009
Figure 4.1: The number of dams constructed by decade (excluding China)
Figure 4.2: Cumulative number of dams built by region
Figure 4.3: Development of the capacity of turbines and pump turbines
Figure 4.4: Development of the capacity of generators and motor-generators
Figure 4.5: SHPs installed capacity in China, 1950 – 2020
Figure 5.1: Diagram of impoundment hydropower
Figure 5.2: Illustration of run-of-river hydropower
Figure 5.3: Diagram of micro hydropower project
Figure 5.4: Illustration of diversion hydropower
Figure 5.5: Diagram of a pumped storage configuration
Figure 5.6 Diagram of a pumped storage configuration
Figure 6.1: Financial new investment by technology, 2009, and growth on 2008, US $ billion
Figure 6.2: Global Asset Financing (GAF) for small hydro, Q1 2009 – Q2 2010
Figure 6.3: Hydro power investment costs in selected countries
Figure 7.1: Base, Intermediate and Peak Load by time of day
Figure 8.1: Potential effects of an earthquake on a dam
Figure 9.1: Growth of hydro power generating capacity in Europe, MW, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.1: Hydro power capacity in Albania, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.2: Hydro power capacity in Austria, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.3: Small hydro power capacity in Austria, 1993 – 2015
Figure 10.4: Hydro power capacity in Belgium
Figure 10.5: Small hydro power capacity in Belgium, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.6: Hydro power capacity in Bosnia & Herzegovina, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.7: Hydro power capacity in Bulgaria, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.8: Small hydro power capacity in Bulgaria, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.9: Hydro power capacity in Croatia, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.10: Hydro power capacity in Czech Republic, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.11: Small hydro power capacity in Czech Republic, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.12: Hydro power capacity in Denmark, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.13: Small hydro power capacity in Denmark, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.14: Hydro power capacity in Finland, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.15: Small hydro power capacity in Finland, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.16: Hydro power capacity in France, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.17: Small hydro power capacity in France, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.18: Hydro power capacity in Germany, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.19: Small hydro power capacity in Germany, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.20: Hydro power capacity in Greece, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.21: Small hydro power capacity in Greece, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.22: Hydro power capacity in Hungary, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.23: Small hydro power capacity in Hungary, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.24: Hydro power capacity in Iceland, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.25: Hydro power capacity in Ireland, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.26: Small hydro power capacity in Ireland, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.27: Hydro power capacity in Italy, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.28: Small hydro power capacity in Italy, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.29: Hydro power capacity in Latvia, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.30: Small hydro power capacity in Latvia, 1995 – 2015
Figure 10.31: Hydro power capacity in Lithuania, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.32: Small hydro power capacity in Lithuania, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.33: Hydro power capacity in Luxembourg, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.34: Small hydro power capacity in Luxembourg, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.35: Hydro power capacity in Macedonia, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.36: Hydro power capacity in the Netherlands, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.37: Small hydro power capacity in Netherlands, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.38: Hydro power capacity in Norway, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.39: Small hydro power capacity in Norway, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.40: Hydro power capacity in Poland, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.41: Small hydro power capacity in Poland, 1993 – 2015
Figure 10.42: Hydro power capacity in Portugal, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.43: Small hydro power capacity in Portugal, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.44: Hydro power capacity in Romania, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.45: Small hydro power capacity in Romania, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.46: Hydro power capacity in Serbia, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.47: Hydro power capacity in Slovakia, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.48: Small hydro power capacity in Slovakia, 2001 – 2015
Figure 10.49: Hydro power capacity in Slovenia, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.50: Small hydro power capacity in Slovenia, 1995 – 2015
Figure 10.51: Hydro power capacity in Spain, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.52: Small hydro power capacity in Spain, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.53: Hydro power capacity in Sweden, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.54: Small hydro power capacity in Sweden, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.55: Hydro power capacity in Switzerland, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.56: Hydro power capacity in Turkey, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.57: Small hydro power capacity in Turkey, 1995 – 2015
Figure 10.58: Hydro power capacity in UK, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.59: Small hydro power capacity in UK, 1990 – 2015
Figure 11.1: Growth of hydro power generating capacity in the CIS, MW, 1990-2015
Figure 12.1: Hydro power capacity in Armenia, 1990 – 2015
Figure 12.2: Hydro power capacity in Azerbaijan, 1990 – 2015
Figure 12.3: Hydro power capacity in Georgia, 2009 – 2015
Figure 12.4: Hydro power capacity in Kazakhstan, 1990 – 2015
Figure 12.5: Hydro power capacity in Kyrgyzstan, 1990 – 2015
Figure 12.6: Hydro power capacity in Moldova, 1990 – 2015
Figure 12.7: Hydro power capacity in Russia, 1990 – 2015
Figure 12.8: Hydro power capacity in Tajikistan, 1990 – 2015
Figure 12.9: Hydro power capacity in Ukraine, 1990 – 2015
Figure 12.10: Hydro power capacity in Uzbekistan, 1990 – 2015
Figure 13.1: Growth of hydro power generating capacity in North America, MW, 1990 – 2015
Figure 14.1: Hydro power capacity in Canada, 1990 – 2015
Figure 14.2: Electricity generation in Canada by province and fuel type, 2009
Figure 14.3: Map of installed energy capacity and energy reserves in Canada, 2008
Figure 14.4: The Niagara tunnel route under the city of Niagara Falls
Figure 14.5: Hydro power capacity in the USA, 1990 – 2015
Figure 14.6: The highest dams in the USA
Figure 14.7: Hydropower nameplate capacity and generation in the USA, 2009
Figure 14.8: The dams on the Colombia River
Figure 14.9: Number of licenses for hydro projects awarded by FERC, 1995 – 2010
Figure 14.10: Number of licences issued, pending and exemptions for small hydro projects in the USA, 2007 – 2009
Figure 14.11: The Hoover Dam, 1,434 MW
Figure 14.12: Grand Coulee Hydropower station 6,480 MW
Figure 14.13: Estimated costs per installed capacity for the top ten sites identified in the Buree study in the USA
Figure 14.14: Hydro power capacity in Mexico, 1990 – 2015
Figure 15.1: Growth of hydro power generating capacity in Latin America, MW, 1990 – 2015
Figure 16.1: Hydro power capacity in Argentina, 1990 – 2015
Figure 16.2: Hydro power capacity in Bolivia, 1990 – 2015
Figure 16.3: Hydro power capacity in Brazil, 1990 – 2015
Figure 16.4: Itaipu
Figure 16.5: Installed capacity of Brazilian hydro projects by category, MW, 2001 – 2009
Figure 16.6: Average installed capacity of Brazilian hydro projects, MW, 2001 – 2009
Figure 16.7: Growth in installed very small hydro capacity in Brazil, MW, 2001 – 2009
Figure 16.8: Hydro power capacity in Chile, 1990 – 2015
Figure 16.9: Hydro power capacity in Colombia, 1990 – 2015
Figure 16.10: Hydro power capacity in Costa Rica, 1990 – 2015
Figure 16.11: Hydro power capacity in the Dominican Republic, 1990 – 2015
Figure 16.12: Hydro power capacity in Ecuador, 1990 – 2015
Figure 16.13: Hydro power capacity in El Salvador, 1990 – 2015
Figure 16.14: Hydro power capacity in Guatemala, 1990 – 2015
Figure 16.15: Hydro power capacity in Honduras, 1990 – 2015
Figure 16.16: Hydro power capacity in Nicaragua, 1990 – 2015
Figure 16.17: Hydro power capacity in Panama, 1990 – 2015
Figure 16.18: Hydro power capacity in Paraguay, 1990 – 2015
Figure 16.19: Hydro power capacity in Peru, 1990 – 2015
Figure 16.20: Hydro power capacity in Puerto Rico, 1990 – 2015
Figure 16.21: Hydro power capacity in Surinam, 1990 – 2015
Figure 16.22: Hydro power capacity in Uruguay, 1990 – 2015
Figure 16.23: Hydro power capacity in Venezuela, 1990 – 2015
Figure 17.1: Growth of hydro power generating capacity in Asia Pacific, MW, 1990 – 2015
Figure 18.1: Hydro power capacity in Afghanistan, 1990 – 2015
Figure 18.2: Hydro power capacity in Bangladesh, 1990 – 2015
Figure 18.3: Hydro power capacity in Bhutan, 1990 – 2015
Figure 18.4: Hydro power capacity in China, 1990 – 2015
Figure 18.5: Small hydro power capacity in China, 1990 – 2015
Figure 18.6: Map of the Three Gorge Dam and hydro plant
Figure 18.7: Three Gorges Dam Locks
Figure 18.8: Taojinping SHP Project (500 kW) in Lin’an County, Zhejiang Province
Figure 18.9: Hydro power capacity in Fiji, 1990 – 2015
Figure 18.10: Hydro power capacity in India, 1990 – 2015
Figure 18.11: Installed grid-connected capacity in different regions of India, GW, end September 2010
Figure 18.12: Rivers of India
Figure 18.13: Hydro power capacity in Indonesia, 1990 – 2015
Figure 18.14: Hydro power capacity in Laos, 1990 – 2015
Figure 18.15: Small hydro generator in Laos
Figure: 18.16: A triple channel small hydro generator
Figure 18.17: Hydro power capacity in Malaysia, 1990 – 2015
Figure 18.18: Hydro power capacity in Myanmar, 1990 – 2015
Figure 18.19: Hydro power capacity in Nepal, 1990 – 2015
Figure 18.20: Hydro power capacity in North Korea, 1990 – 2015
Figure 18.21: Hydro power capacity in Pakistan, 1990 – 2015
Figure 18.22: Hydro power capacity in Papua New Guinea, 1990 – 2015
Figure 18.23: Hydro power capacity in Philippines, 1990 – 2015
Figure 18.24: Hydro power capacity in South Korea, 1990 – 2015
Figure 18.25: Hydro power capacity in Sri Lanka, 1990 – 2015
Figure 18.26: Hydro power capacity in Taiwan, 1990 – 2015
Figure 18.27: Hydro power capacity in Thailand, 1990 – 2015
Figure 18.28: Hydro power capacity in Vietnam, 1990 – 2015
Figure 18.29: Micro hydroelectric generation in North Western Vietnam village
Figure 20.1: Hydro power capacity in Australia, 1990 – 2015
Figure 20.2: Hydro power capacity in Japan, 1990 – 2015
Figure 20.3: Hydro power capacity in New Zealand, 1990 – 2015
Figure: 21.1 Growth of hydro power generating capacity in Africa, MW, 1990-2015
Figure 22.1: Hydro power capacity in Algeria, 1990 – 2015
Figure 22.2: Hydro power capacity in Angola, 1990 – 2015
Figure 22.3: Hydro power capacity in Cameroon, 1990 – 2015
Figure 22.4: Hydro power capacity in Congo, 1990 – 2015
Figure 22.5: Hydro power capacity in Congo DR, 1990 – 2015
Figure 22.6: Hydro power capacity in Cote d’Ivoire, 1990 – 2015
Figure 22.7: Hydro power capacity in Egypt, 1990 – 2015
Figure 22.8: Hydro power capacity in Ethiopia, 1990 – 2015
Figure 22.9: Hydro power capacity in Gabon, 1990 – 2015
Figure 22.10: Hydro power capacity in Ghana, 1990 – 2015
Figure 22.11: Hydro power capacity in Guinea, 1990 – 2015
Figure 22.12: Hydro power capacity in Kenya, 1990 – 2015
Figure 22.13: Hydro power capacity in Madagascar, 1990 – 2015
Figure 22.14: Hydro power capacity in Malawi, 1990 – 2015
Figure 22.15: Hydro power capacity in Mali, 1990 – 2015
Figure 22.16: Hydro power capacity in Morocco, 1990 – 2015
Figure 22.17: Hydro power capacity in Mozambique, 1990 – 2015
Figure 22.18: Hydro power capacity in Nigeria, 1990 – 2015
Figure 22.19: Hydro power capacity in South Africa, 1990 – 2015
Figure 22.20: Hydro power capacity in Sudan, 1990 – 2015
Figure 22.21: Hydro power capacity in Tanzania, 1990 – 2015
Figure 22.22: Hydro power capacity in Uganda, 1990 – 2015
Figure 22.23: Hydro power capacity in Zambia, 1990 – 2015
Figure 22.24: Hydro power capacity in Zimbabwe, 1990 – 2015
Figure 23.1: Growth of hydro power generating capacity in the Middle East, MW, 1990-2015
Figure 24.1: Hydro power capacity in Iran, 1990 – 2015
Figure 24.2: Hydro power capacity in Lebanon, 1990 – 2015
Figure 24.3: Hydro power capacity in Syria, 1990 – 2015
Price: £1,050.00
Prod. Code: NRGHR1
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