Hydro Power Report – Market Research Table of Contents

Below is the table of contents for the hydro power market research report. The report looks at the contribution of Hydro Power to the energy mix. The market research report outlines hydro electric generating capacity, its history and technical background. It also includes a comprehensive hydro power analysis for each region and country The report outlines the key hydro developments, hydro power facts and statistics – and much more.. Plus the energy analysts have researched the advantages and disadvantages of hydro power and prepared hydro power forecasts outlining the expected growth of the hydro power industry.

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1. Executive Summary – hydro power industry 21
2. Contribution of hydro power to the energy mix – hydro power market research 24: The contribution of hydro power to primary energy supply 24; The importance of hydro power generation to electricity generation 24; Hydro electric resources 25
3. Hydro electric generation capacity 27: Large hydro power generation 32; Small hydro power (SHP) 33; Pumped storage 34
4. History of hydro power industry 36: The Big Dam period in the USA 36; Small Hydropower (SHP) 46; Hydro development of SHP in Europe 46; Hydro development of SHP in China 47
5. Technical Background 48: Types of hydropower 48; Impoundment hydropower 48; Run-of-river projects 48; Micro hydropower Projects 49; Diversion Hydropower 49; Pumped storage 50; Head 51; Life expectancy 51; Turbine technologies for small-, mid- and large-scale hydro plants 52; New innovations 53
6. Finance 54: Clean Hydro Development Mechanism 55; Project costs 57; Job creation 60
7. Base Load, Intermediate and Peak Load with Hydropower 61: Variations of demand 61; Security of supply 62
8. Environmental concerns – results of market research 65: World Bank review 65; Environmental impacts of dams and hydro plants 65; 1. Upstream of the dam, the imposition of a reservoir in place of a river valley. 65; 2. Changes in downstream morphology of riverbeds and banks, delta, estuary and coastline due to altered sediment load. 66; 3. Changes in downstream water quality: effects on river temperature, nutrient load, turbidity, dissolved gases, concentration of heavy metals and minerals. 66; 4. Reduction of biodiversity due to blocking of movement of organisms and because of changes 1, 2 and 3 above. 66; Greenhouse gases and methane 67; Examples of environmental degradation 67; Small hydro power 68; Earthquakes 68
9. Regional hydropower profile, Europe 70: SHP electricity prices 75; SHP investment costs 75; Hydropower potential 75; European market prospects 76
10. Country hydropower profiles, Europe 78: Albania 78; Austria 80; Belgium 85; Bosnia & Herzegovina 88; Bulgaria 91; Croatia 94; Czech Republic 97; Denmark 99; Finland 101; France 107; Germany 118; Greece 121; Hungary 125; Iceland 127; Ireland 127; Italy 130; Latvia 138; Lithuania 141; Luxembourg 143; Netherlands 147; Norway 148; Poland 163; Portugal 165; Romania 169; Serbia 172; Slovakia 174; Slovenia 178; Spain 180; Sweden 185; Switzerland 191; Turkey 198; United Kingdom 204
11. Regional hydropower profiles, CIS 219
12. Country hydropower profiles, CIS 222: Armenia 222; Azerbaijan 224; Georgia 226; Kazakhstan 229; Kyrgyzstan 231; Moldova 233; Russia 234; Turkmenistan 243; Ukraine 244; Uzbekistan 245
13. Regional hydropower profiles, North America 249
14. Country hydropower profiles, North America 251: Canada 251; LHP 253; SHP 254; Small hydro technology development in Canada 254; New plant hydro development in Canada 273; United States 278; Small Hydro 284; Pumped storage 291; New hydropower plant development in the USA 299; Research and Hydro development 304; Mexico 305; Small hydropower 306
15. Regional overview Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) 309: Energy resources and production in LAC 311; Energy outlook in LAC 312; End-use efficiency and new forms of renewables 314; The future of hydropower in LAC- hydro power forecast 314; The investment in large dams 314
16. Country hydropower profiles Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) 317: Argentina 317; Salto Grande 317; Yacyretá 317; Planned projects 318; Small hydro power 318; Bolivia 321; Brazil 324; Itaipu 327; Regulations for hydro development 330; Growth Acceleration Programme 331; Reidi Programme 331; Small hydro 331; Investment 331; Future hydro development of large dams 332; New hydropower plant developments in Brazil 339; Chile 340; Colombia 345; Costa Rica 350; Dominican Republic 352; Ecuador 354; El Salvador 360; Guatemala 361; Honduras 362; Nicaragua 364; Panama 365; Paraguay 367; Peru 368; Puerto Rico 373; Surinam 373; Uruguay 374; Venezuela 375; Small hydro 377; Future outlook 377
17. Regional hydropower overview Asia (Developing countries) 379
18. Country hydropower profiles Asia (Developing countries) 383: Afghanistan 383; Bangladesh 384; Bhutan 385; China 388; Large hydropower 389; Small hydropower 391; Pumped storage 393; New hydropower plant development in China 398; Fiji 401; Hong Kong 401; India 402; Water resources 404; Hydrodevelopment – large hydropower 406; Small hydropower introduction into India 407; Small hydro power in India today 407; New hydropower plant developments in India 420; Indonesia 428; Small hydro power 429; Laos 430; Small Hydro Power 431; New hydropower plant developments in Laos 433; Malaysia 436; Myanmar 438; Nepal 439; Small Hydro Power 441; North Korea 443; Pakistan 445; Papua New Guinea 449; Hydro development 449; Small hydropower 449; Philippines 449; South Korea 452; Sri Lanka 455; Taiwan 457; Thailand 458; Vietnam 460; Small Hydro Power 461; Pumped storage 462; Other countries 466
19. Regional hydropower overview, Asia Pacific (Industrialised countries) 467
20. Country hydropower profiles, Asia Pacific (Industrialised countries) 468: Australia 468; Japan 476; Changes in National Energy Policy 476; New Zealand 480
21. Regional hydropower overview, Africa 484
22. Country hydropower profiles, Africa 489: Algeria 489; Angola 489; Burundi 492; Cameroon 492; Congo 494; Congo DR 495; Cote d’Ivoire 497; Egypt 498; Ethiopia 500; Gabon 502; Ghana 503; Guinea 505; Kenya 506; Madagascar 507; Malawi 508; Mali 509; Morocco 511; Mozambique 512; Nigeria 514; Rwanda 515; South Africa 515; Sudan 517; Tanzania 518; Uganda 519; Zambia 521; Zimbabwe 523; Other hydro projects 524
23. Regional hydropower overview, Middle East 525
24. Country hydropower profiles, Middle East 527: Iran 527; Lebanon 528; Syria 528
25. Appendix 1 – The computation of power 531
26. National policies for hydro power 532
27. Manufacturers 536: Main Players 536; Alstom Power 536; Andritz 536; Voith Hydro 537; General manufacturers 537; ABB 537; American Hydro Corporation 537; Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) 537; Dongfang Electric 537; Gilbert Gilkes & Gordon 538; Harbin Power Equipment Corporation 538; Hitachi, Mitsubishi Electric and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries 538; Sinohydro 538; STE Energy 539
28. Sources 540

List of Tables- Hydro Power Statistics and Hydro Electric Facts

Table 3.1: World net hydroelectric generation from central producers by region and country, 2006 – 2030, billion kWh
Table 3.2: Hydroelectric installed capacity and generation by regions and major countries, 2008, capacity >2,500 MW
Table 4.1: Number of dams by country, 2006
Table 4.2: The 12 largest hydro power plants in the world, 2010
Table 4.3: Top ten large hydro power plants under construction by capacity, 2010
Table 4.4: Large hydro power plants proposed, 2010, > 3,000 MW
Table 5.1: Technological advances for hydropower
Table 6.1: Hydro projects registered with the Clean Hydro development Mechanism fund or pending a decision, 2010
Table 6.2: Costs for hydro plants by type
Table 6.3: Classification of hydropower and costs
Table 6.4: Key hydro power data and figures for hydro power technology
Table 7.1: Utilisation of hydropower in days per year, 2008, countries with over 5,000 MW installed hydro capacity
Table 9.1: Europe, hydro electric net installed capacity and generation, 2008
Table 9.2: Selected countries in Asia (Industrialised countries) and their installed hydro capacity, MW, 2009
Table 9.3: Installed capacity and production of SHP plants (up to 10 MW) in Europe, 2008
Table 9.4: Estimated hydro potential and exploitation in Europe, MW
Table 10.1: Hydropower plants in Albania
Table 10.2: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Albania
Table 10.3: Hydropower plants in Austria
Table 10.4: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Austria
Table 10.5: Hydropower plants in Belgium
Table 10.6: Hydropower plants in Bosnia & Herzegovina
Table 10.7: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Bosnia Herzegovina
Table 10.9: Hydropower plants in Croatia
Table 10.10: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Croatia
Table 10.11: Hydropower plants in Czech Republic
Table 10.12: Hydropower plants in Finland
Table 10.13: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Finland
Table 10.14: Hydropower plants in France
Table 10.15: Hydropower plants in Germany
Table 10.16: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Germany
Table 10.17: Hydropower plants in Greece
Table 10.18: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Greece
Table 10.19: Hydro power plants in Hungary
Table 10.20: Hydropower plants in Ireland
Table 10.21: Hydropower plants in Italy
Table 10.22: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Italy
Table 10.23: Hydropower plants in Latvia
Table 10.24: Hydropower plants in Lithuania
Table 10.25: Hydropower plants in Macedonia
Table 10.26: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Macedonia
Table 10.27: Hydropower plants in Norway
Table 10.28: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Norway
Table 10.29: Hydropower plants in Poland
Table 10.30: Hydropower plants in Portugal
Table 10.31: New pumped storage plants or plants being refurbished in Portugal
Table 10.32: Hydropower plants in Romania
Table 10.33: Hydropower plants in Serbia
Table 10.34: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Serbia
Table 10.35: Hydropower plants in Slovakia
Table 10.36: Hydropower plants in Slovenia
Table 10.37: Hydropower plants in Spain
Table 10.38: Hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Spain
Table 10.39: Major hydropower plants in Sweden
Table 10.40: Hydro plants or plants being refurbished In Sweden
Table 10.41: Hydropower plants in Switzerland
Table 10.43: Hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Switzerland
Table 10.44: Hydropower plants in Turkey
Table 10.45: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Turkey
Table 10.46: Feed-in tariff for hydro projects in the UK
Table 10.47: Hydropower plants in United Kingdom
Table 10.48: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in the UK
Table 11.1: Selected countries in the CIS and their installed hydro capacity, MW, 2009
Table 11.2: CIS, hydroelectric installed capacity and generation, 2008
Table 12.1: Hydropower plants in Armenia
Table 12.2: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Albania
Table 12.3: Hydropower plants in Azerbaijan
Table 12.4: Hydropower plants in Georgia
Table 12.5: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Georgia
Table 12.6: Hydropower plants in Kazakhstan
Table 12.7: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Georgia
Table 12.8: Hydropower plants in Kyrgyzstan
Table 12.9: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Kyrgyzstan
Table 12.10: Hydropower plants in Moldova
Table 12.11: Hydropower plants in Russia
Table 12.12: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Russia
Table 12.13: Hydropower plants in Tajikistan
Table 12.14: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Tajikistan
Table 12.15: Hydropower plants in Ukraine
Table 12.16: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in the Ukraine
Table 12.17: Hydropower plants in Uzbekistan
Table 13.1: Selected countries in North America and their installed hydro capacity, MW, 2009
Table 13.2: North America, hydroelectric installed capacity and generation, 2008
Table 14.1: Undeveloped hydro potential in Canada
Table 14.2: Investment in the electricity sector in Canada required by 2030, CAN $ billion
Table 14.3: Hydropower plants in Canada
Table 14.4: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Canada
Table 14.5: Costs for proposed projects in Canada
Table 14.6: Potential of conventional and advanced hydro capacity in the USA
Table 14.7: The ten largest hydropower stations in the USA
Table 14.8: Hydroelectric projects granted a license by FERC from Q1 to Q3 2010
Table 14.9: Federal incentives for hydro electric projects and manufacturing facilities in the USA, November 2009
Table 14.10: Production based incentives for hydro power projects by State in the USA
Table 14.11: Top eight states in the USA terms of installed hydro capacity, 2009 and hydro power generation, 1H 2008 and 1H 2009
Table 14.12: USACE’s budget for hydropower projects in the USA, 2004 – 2013
Table 14.13: New pumped storage plants or plants being refurbished in the USA
Table 14.14: Large utility-owned hydropower plants in the USA (25 MW and over)
Table 14.15: Hydro upgrade projects selected for American Recovery and Reinvestment Act funding in the USA
Table 14.16: Hydro projects planned in the USA not receiving American Recovery and Reinvestment Act funding or being developed by the USACE
Table 14.17: Top ten sites identified in the Buree study in terms of benefit cost ratio in the USA
Table 14.18: Hydropower plants in Mexico
Table 14.19: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Mexico
Table 15.1: Selected countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) and their installed hydro capacity, MW, 2009
Table 15.2: South and Central America, hydroelectric installed capacity and generation, 2008
Table 16.2: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Argentina
Table 16.3: Hydropower plants in Bolivia
Table 16.4: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Bolivia
Table 16.5: Status of Brazilian hydro power projects as of November 2010
Table 16.6: Costs of hydro power projects in Brazil auctioned off by Aneel, 2010
Table 16.7: New projects in Brazil financed by BNDES, 2010
Table 16.8: Large Dams projected in Brazil
Table 16.9: Hydropower plants in Brazil
Table 16.10: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Brazil
Table 16.11: Hydropower plants in Chile
Table 16.12: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Chile
Table 16.13: Hydropower plants in Colombia
Table 16.14: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Colombia
Table 16.15: Hydropower plants in Costa Rica
Table 16.16: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Costa Rica
Table 16.17: Hydropower plants in the Dominican Republic
Table 16.18: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in the Dominican Republic
Table 16.19: Hydropower plants in Ecuador
Table 16.20: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Ecuador
Table 16.21: Hydropower plants in El Salvador
Table 16.22: Hydropower plants in Guatemala
Table 16.23: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Guatemala
Table 16.24: Hydropower plants in Honduras
Table 16.25: Hydropower plants in Nicaragua
Table 16.26: Hydropower plants in Panama
Table 16.27: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Panama
Table 16.28: Hydropower plants in Paraguay
Table 16.29: Hydropower plants in Peru
Table 16.30: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Peru
Table 16.31: Hydropower plants in Surinam
Table 16.32: Hydropower plants in Uruguay
Table 16.33: Hydropower plants in Venezuela
Table 16.34: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Venezuela
Table 17.1: Selected countries in Asia (Developing countries) and their installed hydro capacity, MW, 2009
Table 17.2: Asia Pacific, hydroelectric installed capacity and generation, 2008
Table 18.1: Hydropower plants in Afghanistan
Table 18.2: Hydropower plants in Bangladesh
Table 18.3: Ten projects being jointly developed between Bhutan and India
Table 18.4: Hydropower plants in Bhutan
Table 18.5: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Bhutan
Table 18.6: New pumped storage plants or plants being refurbished in China
Table 18.7: Hydropower plants in China
Table 18.8: Hydropower plants planned or under construction in China
Table 18.9: ‘50,000 MW’ hydropower initiative schemes by state in India
Table 18.10: Potential hydro capacity for basins or rivers in India
Table 18.11: Funding and targets for hydro in India’s eleventh year plan (2007 – 2012)
Table 18.12: Perspective plan for grid-connected interactive renewable power in India
Table 18.13: Small hydro (2 MW to 25 MW) by Indian State, end 2009
Table 18.14: MNRE support for small hydro projects in India
Table 18.15: Small hydro preferential tariffs for the 2009 to 2010 financial year in India
Table 18.16: New financial investment in India by fuel type, 2009
Table 18.17: List of equipment manufacturers of small hydro turbines in India, end August 2010
Table 18.18: Hydropower plants in India
Table 18.19: Hydro power plants planned or under construction in India
Table 18.20: List of Completed/Ongoing Hydro RM&U schemes programmed for implementation during the eleventh five year plan in India, October 2010
Table 18.21: Hydropower plants in Indonesia
Table 18.22: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Indonesia
Table 18.23: Hydropower plants in Laos
Table 18.24: Hydropower plants planned or under construction in Laos
Table 18.25: Hydropower plants in Malaysia
Table 18.26: Hydropower plants in Myanmar
Table 18.27: Hydropower plants planned or under construction in Myanmar
Table 18.28: Hydropower plants in Nepal
Table 18.29: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Nepal
Table 18.30: Hydropower plants in North Korea
Table 18.31: Hydropower plants in Pakistan
Table 18.32: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Pakistan
Table 18.33: Hydropower plants in Philippines
Table 18.34: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in the Philippines
Table 18.35: Hydropower plants in South Korea
Table 18.36: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in South Korea
Table 18.37: Hydropower plants in Sri Lanka
Table 18.38: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Sri Lanka
Table 18.39: Hydropower plants in Taiwan
Table 18.40: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Taiwan
Table 18.41: Hydropower plants in Thailand
Table 18.42: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Thailand
Table 18.43: Hydropower plants in Vietnam
Table 18.44: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Vietnam
Table 19.1: Selected countries in Asia (Industrialised countries) and their installed hydro capacity, MW, 2009
Table 20.1: Hydropower plants in Australia
Table 20.2: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Australia
Table 20.3: Hydropower plants in Japan
Table 20.4: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Japan
Table 20.5: Hydropower plants in New Zealand
Table 21.1: Selected countries in Africa and their installed hydro capacity, MW, 2009
Table 21.2: Africa, hydroelectric installed capacity and generation, 2008
Table 22.1: Hydropower plants in Algeria
Table 22.2: Hydropower plants in Angola
Table 22.3: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Angola
Table 22.4: Hydropower plants in Burkina Faso
Table 22.5: Hydropower plants in Burundi
Table 22.6: Hydropower plants in Cameroon
Table 22.7: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Cameroon
Table 22.8: Hydropower plants in the Republic of Congo
Table 22.9: Hydropower plants in DR Congo
Table 22.10: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in the DR Congo
Table 22.11: Hydropower plants in Cote d’Ivoire
Table 22.12: Hydropower plants in Egypt
Table 22.13: Hydropower plants in Ethiopia
Table 22.14: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Ethiopia
Table 22.15: Hydropower plants in Gabon
Table 22.16: Hydropower plants in Ghana
Table 22.17: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Ghana
Table 22.18: Hydropower plants in Guinea
Table 22.19: Hydropower plants in Kenya
Table 22.20: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Kenya
Table 22.21: Hydropower plants in Madagascar
Table 22.22: Hydropower plants in Malawi
Table 22.23: Hydropower plants in Mali
Table 22.24: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Mali
Table 22.25: Hydropower plants in Morocco
Table 22.26: Hydropower plants in Mozambique
Table 22.27: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Mozambique
Table 22.28: Hydropower plants in Nigeria
Table 22.29: Hydropower plants in Rwanda
Table 22.30: Hydropower plants in South Africa
Table 22.31: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in South Africa
Table 22.32: Hydropower plants in Sudan
Table 22.33: Hydropower plants in Tanzania
Table 22.24: Hydropower plants in Uganda
Table 22.25: Hydropower plants in Zambia
Table 22.28: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Zimbabwe
Table 23.1: Selected countries in the Middle East and their installed hydro capacity, MW, 2009
Table 23.2: Middle East, hydroelectric installed capacity and generation, 2008
Table 24.1: Hydropower plants in Iran
Table 24.2: Hydropower plants in Syria
Table 26.1: National policies for hydro power in Europe
Table 26.2: National policies for hydro power in the rest of the World

List of Figures- Hydro Power Statistics and Hydro Electric Facts

Figure 2.1: Total global primary energy supply 2009
Figure 2.2: Renewables in electricity production 2008
Figure 2.3: Net exploitable hydropower potential [TWh per year] and percentage exploited
Figure 3.1: The growth of hydro power generating capacity, MW, 1990-2015
Figure 3.2: Growth of hydro power generating capacity by region, MW, 1990-2015
Figure 3.3: Regional development of hydropower, TWh, 1965 – 2009
Figure 3.4: Global LHP as a % of total hydro capacity, 1980 – 2015
Figure 3.5: Global SHP as a % of total hydro capacity, 1980 – 2015
Figure 3.6: The growth of pumped storage capacity, MW, 1990-2009
Figure 4.1: The number of dams constructed by decade (excluding China)
Figure 4.2: Cumulative number of dams built by region
Figure 4.3: Hydro development of the capacity of turbines and pump turbines
Figure 4.4: Hydro development of the capacity of generators and motor-generators
Figure 4.5: SHPs installed capacity in China, 1950 – 2020
Figure 5.1: Diagram of impoundment hydropower
Figure 5.2: Illustration of run-of-river hydropower
Figure 5.3: Diagram of micro hydropower project
Figure 5.4: Illustration of diversion hydropower
Figure 5.5: Diagram of a pumped storage configuration
Figure 5.6 Diagram of a pumped storage configuration
Figure 6.1: Financial new investment by hydro power technology, 2009, and growth on 2008, US $ billion
Figure 6.2: Global Asset Financing (GAF) for small hydro, Q1 2009 – Q2 2010
Figure 6.3: Hydro power investment costs in selected countries
Figure 7.1: Base, Intermediate and Peak Load by time of day
Figure 8.1: Potential effects of an earthquake on a dam
Figure 9.1: Growth of hydro power generating capacity in Europe, MW, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.1: Hydro power generating capacity in Albania, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.2: Hydro power capacity in Austria, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.3: Small hydro power capacity in Austria, 1993 – 2015
Figure 10.4: Hydro power capacity in Belgium
Figure 10.5: Small hydro power capacity in Belgium, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.6: Hydro power generation capacity in Bosnia & Herzegovina, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.7: Hydro power capacity in Bulgaria, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.8: Small hydro power capacity in Bulgaria, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.9: Hydro power capacity in Croatia, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.10: Hydro power generating capacity in Czech Republic, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.11: Small hydro power capacity in Czech Republic, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.12: Hydro power capacity in Denmark, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.13: Small hydro power capacity in Denmark, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.14: Hydro power capacity in Finland, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.15: Small hydro power generation capacity in Finland, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.16: Hydro power capacity in France, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.17: Small hydro power capacity in France, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.18: Hydro power capacity in Germany, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.19: Small hydro power capacity in Germany, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.20: Hydro power capacity in Greece, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.21: Small hydro power capacity in Greece, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.22: Hydro power capacity in Hungary, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.23: Small hydro power capacity in Hungary, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.24: Hydro power capacity in Iceland, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.25: Hydro power generating capacity in Ireland, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.26: Small hydro power capacity in Ireland, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.27: Hydro power capacity in Italy, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.28: Small hydro power capacity in Italy, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.29: Hydro power capacity in Latvia, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.30: Small hydro power capacity in Latvia, 1995 – 2015
Figure 10.31: Hydro power capacity in Lithuania, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.32: Small hydro power capacity in Lithuania, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.33: Hydro power capacity in Luxembourg, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.34: Small hydro power generation capacity in Luxembourg, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.35: Hydro power capacity in Macedonia, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.36: Hydro power capacity in the Netherlands, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.37: Small hydro power generating capacity in Netherlands, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.38: Hydro power capacity in Norway, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.39: Small hydro power capacity in Norway, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.40: Hydro power capacity in Poland, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.41: Small hydro power capacity in Poland, 1993 – 2015
Figure 10.42: Hydro power capacity in Portugal, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.43: Small hydro power capacity in Portugal, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.44: Hydro power capacity in Romania, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.45: Small hydro power capacity in Romania, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.46: Hydro power capacity in Serbia, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.47: Hydro power capacity in Slovakia, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.48: Small hydro power capacity in Slovakia, 2001 – 2015
Figure 10.49: Hydro power capacity in Slovenia, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.50: Small hydro power capacity in Slovenia, 1995 – 2015
Figure 10.51: Hydro power capacity in Spain, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.52: Small hydro power capacity in Spain, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.53: Hydro power generating capacity in Sweden, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.54: Small hydro power capacity in Sweden, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.55: Hydro power capacity in Switzerland, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.56: Hydro power capacity in Turkey, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.57: Small hydro power capacity in Turkey, 1995 – 2015
Figure 10.58: Hydro power capacity in UK, 1990 – 2015
Figure 10.59: Small hydro power capacity in UK, 1990 – 2015
Figure 11.1: Growth of hydro power generating capacity in the CIS, MW, 1990-2015
Figure 12 : Hydro power capacity in:
-Armenia, 1990 – 2015
-Azerbaijan, 1990 – 2015
-Georgia, 2009 – 2015
-Kazakhstan, 1990 – 2015
-Kyrgyzstan, 1990 – 2015
-Moldova, 1990 – 2015
-Russia, 1990 – 2015
-Tajikistan, 1990 – 2015
-Ukraine, 1990 – 2015
-Uzbekistan, 1990 – 2015

Figure 13.1: Growth of hydro power generating capacity in North America, MW, 1990 – 2015
Figure 14.1: Hydro power capacity in Canada, 1990 – 2015
Figure 14.2: Electricity generation in Canada by province and fuel type, 2009
Figure 14.3: Map of installed energy capacity and energy reserves in Canada, 2008
Figure 14.4: The Niagara tunnel route under the city of Niagara Falls
Figure 14.5: Hydro power capacity in the USA, 1990 – 2015
Figure 14.6: The highest dams in the USA
Figure 14.7: Hydropower nameplate capacity and generation in the USA, 2009
Figure 14.8: The dams on the Colombia River
Figure 14.9: Number of licenses for hydro projects awarded by FERC, 1995 – 2010
Figure 14.10: Number of licences issued, pending and exemptions for small hydro projects in the USA, 2007 – 2009
Figure 14.11: The Hoover Dam, 1,434 MW
Figure 14.12: Grand Coulee Hydropower station 6,480 MW
Figure 14.13: Estimated costs per installed capacity for the top ten sites identified in the Buree study in the USA
Figure 14.14: Hydro power capacity in Mexico, 1990 – 2015
Figure 15.1: Growth of hydro power generating capacity in Latin America, MW, 1990 – 2015
Figure 16.1: Hydro power capacity in Argentina, 1990 – 2015
Figure 16.2: Hydro power capacity in Bolivia, 1990 – 2015
Figure 16.3: Hydro power capacity in Brazil, 1990 – 2015
Figure 16.4: Itaipu
Figure 16.5: Installed capacity of Brazilian hydro projects by category, MW, 2001 – 2009
Figure 16.6: Average installed capacity of Brazilian hydro projects, MW, 2001 – 2009
Figure 16.7: Growth in installed very small hydro capacity in Brazil, MW, 2001 – 2009
Figure 16.8-16.23: Hydro power capacity in:
Chile, 1990 – 2015
Colombia, 1990 – 2015
Costa Rica, 1990 – 2015
Dominican Republic, 1990 – 2015
Ecuador, 1990 – 2015
El Salvador, 1990 – 2015
Guatemala, 1990 – 2015
Honduras, 1990 – 2015
Nicaragua, 1990 – 2015
Panama, 1990 – 2015
Paraguay, 1990 – 2015
Peru, 1990 – 2015
Puerto Rico, 1990 – 2015
Surinam, 1990 – 2015
Uruguay, 1990 – 2015
Venezuela, 1990 – 2015

Figure 17.1: Growth of hydro power generating capacity in Asia Pacific, MW, 1990 – 2015
Figure 18.1: Hydro power capacity in Afghanistan, 1990 – 2015
Figure 18.2: Hydro power capacity in Bangladesh, 1990 – 2015
Figure 18.3: Hydro power generation capacity in Bhutan, 1990 – 2015
Figure 18.4: Hydro power capacity in China, 1990 – 2015
Figure 18.5: Small hydro power capacity in China, 1990 – 2015
Figure 18.6: Map of the Three Gorge Dam and hydro plant
Figure 18.7: Three Gorges Dam Locks
Figure 18.8: Taojinping SHP Project (500 kW) in Lin’an County, Zhejiang Province
Figure 18.9: Hydro power capacity in Fiji, 1990 – 2015
Figure 18.10: Hydro power capacity in India, 1990 – 2015
Figure 18.11: Installed grid-connected capacity in different regions of India, GW, end September 2010
Figure 18.12: Rivers of India
Figure 18.13: Hydro power capacity in Indonesia, 1990 – 2015
Figure 18.14: Hydro power capacity in Laos, 1990 – 2015
Figure 18.15: Small hydro generator in Laos
Figure: 18.16: A triple channel small hydro generator
Figure 18.17-18.28: Hydro power generation capacity:
Malaysia, 1990 – 2015
Myanmar, 1990 – 2015
Nepal, 1990 – 2015
North Korea, 1990 – 2015
Pakistan, 1990 – 2015
Papua New Guinea, 1990 – 2015
Philippines, 1990 – 2015
South Korea, 1990 – 2015
Sri Lanka, 1990 – 2015
Taiwan, 1990 – 2015
Thailand, 1990 – 2015
Vietnam, 1990 – 2015
Figure 18.29: Micro hydroelectric generation in North Western Vietnam village
Figure 20.1: Hydro power capacity in Australia, 1990 – 2015
Figure 20.2: Hydro power generation capacity in Japan, 1990 – 2015
Figure 20.3: Hydro power capacity in New Zealand, 1990 – 2015
Figure: 21.1 Growth of hydro power generating capacity in Africa, MW, 1990-2015
Growth of hydro power generating capacity in:
Algeria, 1990 – 2015
Angola, 1990 – 2015
Cameroon, 1990 – 2015
Congo, 1990 – 2015
Congo DR, 1990 – 2015
Cote d’Ivoire, 1990 – 2015
Egypt, 1990 – 2015
Ethiopia, 1990 – 2015
Gabon, 1990 – 2015
Ghana, 1990 – 2015
Guinea, 1990 – 2015
Kenya, 1990 – 2015
Madagascar, 1990 – 2015
Malawi, 1990 – 2015
Mali, 1990 – 2015
Morocco, 1990 – 2015
Mozambique, 1990 – 2015
Nigeria, 1990 – 2015
South Africa, 1990 – 2015
Sudan, 1990 – 2015
Tanzania, 1990 – 2015
Uganda, 1990 – 2015
Zambia, 1990 – 2015
Zimbabwe, 1990 – 2015
Figure 23.1: Growth of hydro power generating capacity in the Middle East, MW, 1990-2015
Figure 24.1: Hydro power capacity in Iran, 1990 – 2015
Figure 24.2: Hydro power capacity in Lebanon, 1990 – 2015